NMPFamsDB

NMPFamsDB

NMPFamsDB

A database of Novel Metagenome Protein Families

A database of Novel Metagenome Protein Clusters

A database of Novel Metagenome Protein Clusters
x
This website uses cookies to improve user experience. By using NMPFamDB you consent to all cookies in accordance with our privacy policy. OK
Sample 3300008090

3300008090: Human tongue dorsum microbial communities from NIH, USA - visit 1, subject 160643649 reassembly



Overview

Basic Information
IMG/M Taxon OID3300008090 Open in IMG/M
GOLD Reference
(Study | Sequencing Project | Analysis Project)
Gs0063646 | Gp0053148 | Ga0114309
Sample NameHuman tongue dorsum microbial communities from NIH, USA - visit 1, subject 160643649 reassembly
Sequencing StatusPermanent Draft
Sequencing CenterBaylor College of Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI), Washington University in St. Louis
Published?N
Use PolicyOpen

Dataset Contents
Total Genome Size134881877
Sequencing Scaffolds27
Novel Protein Genes30
Associated Families26

Dataset Phylogeny
Taxonomy GroupsNumber of Scaffolds
All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → Proteobacteria → Betaproteobacteria → Neisseriales → Neisseriaceae → Neisseria → Neisseria subflava1
All Organisms → Viruses → Duplodnaviria → Heunggongvirae → Uroviricota → Caudoviricetes4
All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → Bacteria incertae sedis → Bacteria candidate phyla → Candidatus Saccharibacteria → Candidatus Saccharimonas → Candidatus Saccharimonas aalborgensis3
All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → FCB group → Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi group → Bacteroidetes → Bacteroidia → Bacteroidales → Prevotellaceae1
All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria1
All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → FCB group → Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi group → Bacteroidetes → Bacteroidia → Bacteroidales → Porphyromonadaceae → Porphyromonas → unclassified Porphyromonas → Porphyromonas sp. oral taxon 2794
All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → Terrabacteria group → Firmicutes → Clostridia → Eubacteriales1
All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → FCB group → Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi group → Bacteroidetes → Bacteroidia → Bacteroidales → Prevotellaceae → Alloprevotella → Alloprevotella sp. oral taxon 4731
All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → Terrabacteria group → Firmicutes → Bacilli → Lactobacillales → Streptococcaceae → Streptococcus2
All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → Bacteria incertae sedis → Bacteria candidate phyla → Candidatus Saccharibacteria3
All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → Terrabacteria group → Firmicutes → Clostridia → Eubacteriales → Lachnospiraceae → unclassified Lachnospiraceae → [Eubacterium] rectale1
All Organisms → Viruses → Duplodnaviria → Heunggongvirae → Uroviricota → Caudoviricetes → unclassified Caudoviricetes → Myoviridae sp. ctYA4162
Not Available3

Ecosystem and Geography

Ecosystem Assignment (GOLD)
NameHuman Microbial Communities From The National Institute Of Health, Usa, Hmp Production Phase
TypeHost-Associated
TaxonomyHost-Associated → Human → Digestive System → Oral Cavity → Tongue Dorsum → Human → Human Microbial Communities From The National Institute Of Health, Usa, Hmp Production Phase

Alternative Ecosystem Assignments
Environment Ontology (ENVO)Unclassified
Earth Microbiome Project Ontology (EMPO)Host-associated → Animal → Animal surface

Location Information
LocationUSA: Maryland: Natonal Institute of Health
CoordinatesLat. (o)39.0042816Long. (o)-77.1012173Alt. (m)N/ADepth (m)N/A
Location on Map
Zoom:    Powered by OpenStreetMap ©


Associated Families

FamilyCategoryNumber of Sequences3D Structure?
F018385Metagenome235Y
F032313Metagenome180N
F033081Metagenome178Y
F036281Metagenome170N
F040149Metagenome162N
F045567Metagenome152N
F046432Metagenome151Y
F046433Metagenome151N
F053092Metagenome141N
F055792Metagenome138N
F077405Metagenome117N
F078842Metagenome116N
F080164Metagenome115N
F080166Metagenome115N
F081510Metagenome114N
F084342Metagenome112N
F085820Metagenome111N
F089055Metagenome109Y
F092230Metagenome107N
F099452Metagenome103N
F099453Metagenome103N
F103431Metagenome101N
F103432Metagenome101N
F103433Metagenome101N
F103435Metagenome101N
F103436Metagenome101Y

Associated Scaffolds

ScaffoldTaxonomyLengthIMG/M Link
Ga0114309_100020All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → Proteobacteria → Betaproteobacteria → Neisseriales → Neisseriaceae → Neisseria → Neisseria subflava147695Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_100135All Organisms → Viruses → Duplodnaviria → Heunggongvirae → Uroviricota → Caudoviricetes58004Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_100205All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → Bacteria incertae sedis → Bacteria candidate phyla → Candidatus Saccharibacteria → Candidatus Saccharimonas → Candidatus Saccharimonas aalborgensis44321Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_100283All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → FCB group → Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi group → Bacteroidetes → Bacteroidia → Bacteroidales → Prevotellaceae36138Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_100579All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → Bacteria incertae sedis → Bacteria candidate phyla → Candidatus Saccharibacteria → Candidatus Saccharimonas → Candidatus Saccharimonas aalborgensis21801Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_100583All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria21731Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_100633All Organisms → Viruses → Duplodnaviria → Heunggongvirae → Uroviricota → Caudoviricetes20414Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_100691All Organisms → Viruses → Duplodnaviria → Heunggongvirae → Uroviricota → Caudoviricetes19125Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_101026All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → Bacteria incertae sedis → Bacteria candidate phyla → Candidatus Saccharibacteria → Candidatus Saccharimonas → Candidatus Saccharimonas aalborgensis14246Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_101253All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → FCB group → Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi group → Bacteroidetes → Bacteroidia → Bacteroidales → Porphyromonadaceae → Porphyromonas → unclassified Porphyromonas → Porphyromonas sp. oral taxon 27912374Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_101275All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → FCB group → Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi group → Bacteroidetes → Bacteroidia → Bacteroidales → Porphyromonadaceae → Porphyromonas → unclassified Porphyromonas → Porphyromonas sp. oral taxon 27912260Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_102438All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → Terrabacteria group → Firmicutes → Clostridia → Eubacteriales7693Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_103442All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → FCB group → Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi group → Bacteroidetes → Bacteroidia → Bacteroidales → Porphyromonadaceae → Porphyromonas → unclassified Porphyromonas → Porphyromonas sp. oral taxon 2795876Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_104279All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → FCB group → Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi group → Bacteroidetes → Bacteroidia → Bacteroidales → Prevotellaceae → Alloprevotella → Alloprevotella sp. oral taxon 4734922Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_105392All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → Terrabacteria group → Firmicutes → Bacilli → Lactobacillales → Streptococcaceae → Streptococcus4048Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_105775All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → FCB group → Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi group → Bacteroidetes → Bacteroidia → Bacteroidales → Porphyromonadaceae → Porphyromonas → unclassified Porphyromonas → Porphyromonas sp. oral taxon 2793823Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_108621All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → Bacteria incertae sedis → Bacteria candidate phyla → Candidatus Saccharibacteria2640Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_112685All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → Bacteria incertae sedis → Bacteria candidate phyla → Candidatus Saccharibacteria1841Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_121188All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → Terrabacteria group → Firmicutes → Clostridia → Eubacteriales → Lachnospiraceae → unclassified Lachnospiraceae → [Eubacterium] rectale1134Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_123780All Organisms → Viruses → Duplodnaviria → Heunggongvirae → Uroviricota → Caudoviricetes → unclassified Caudoviricetes → Myoviridae sp. ctYA4161014Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_124602Not Available985Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_128235Not Available873Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_130706Not Available807Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_134276All Organisms → Viruses → Duplodnaviria → Heunggongvirae → Uroviricota → Caudoviricetes → unclassified Caudoviricetes → Myoviridae sp. ctYA416731Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_135133All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → Bacteria incertae sedis → Bacteria candidate phyla → Candidatus Saccharibacteria715Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_142889All Organisms → cellular organisms → Bacteria → Terrabacteria group → Firmicutes → Bacilli → Lactobacillales → Streptococcaceae → Streptococcus596Open in IMG/M
Ga0114309_145202All Organisms → Viruses → Duplodnaviria → Heunggongvirae → Uroviricota → Caudoviricetes562Open in IMG/M

Sequences

Scaffold IDProtein IDFamilySequence
Ga0114309_100020Ga0114309_10002016F103431MIDLDVLIVGMLFFIQLFLQSIAWRVAIAHFLHAERGNAAAAAFDGAFRENIADCHAEDDNDKDAESQKEGFHVCIPEG*
Ga0114309_100135Ga0114309_10013538F081510MKLPKLNVKAIKAGAKTTYNTAKILGKKYAPIALVTTGLVGYGIAVYQGIKSGKKLEATKAKYEAKDAAGEEYTRLDVIKDVTKDVAVPVAIAVASTAAIGLGFAIQTNRLKAVSAALTAVTEEHARYRLQCKEVLDEETFKKIDTPMDQVTVEEDGKEAQSFVPKEGLMYGNWFKYSANYASDSPEYNEQWIRESIRVLEEKIARKGLLNFSDMLDQLGFDVPKAALPFGWTDTDGFYIEYDIMEVWNAEEQVHEPQIYVRWKCPRNLYATTNFRDLIPGRKELA*
Ga0114309_100205Ga0114309_10020515F046433MIELPTSPDALSELSPVAPPKLLSQAQDASRDNLMVYVKADNYLGTETSDPSFMKSRYKTTEYEAINDFVQFIETTKHYLPDYMEYCAKELIDELVFLGMSELHFAATALAKRLRHHLEVDNNPVYIDVGNSLSQCRVKNEMKSSQYILSLVLSKFPDDEFEEYEGRLKVYGGRGEIDKSSKILFLDDWIVSGDQVKERIAGFEVDNDPESHEASVLVMAASGDYLDNGISAYSQYGGATYSVEACYRLKNSPDAGGMSRVTGIHSSTDNTFGYEVDGIAYCAIERGILKGEGIDELSLPALANIVRPYRNGKNFDGLSRFRQLLEKG*
Ga0114309_100283Ga0114309_10028310F080164MVGLTLCAAPQVTLRERANAFPLITEKDASEIDAPYAWRLPVVPLSLDNREIRNFAKFPLLPSLSGGILTVRVLVVGDTVAVHQDLMDDFAKRCRTTLGLGVRTAPKLFGIKSMHVYGVQKDGSRQAVDEHVTLHLPGFEKAEKPLHYKEQTGQLVLCEYYGSHRGDLLLNAANARPEIFGELCPVVDFHFPVELRRAYAWLLLEIELEDGTKLSTSLQHYDEQTSILDHPDRL*
Ga0114309_100283Ga0114309_10028311F103432MKLIHSLFSLSLLLALSGLFCTTACQDDAEPARAAWLISTDSLIHAAKVYDGKAFEHVVSTTAAGLRVSEPRRVVPMLPRQLHVTMEGKTVFRRHTLPSVSAYSLHVVAVGDTIYRQKESDAEFNADLDALFHESIGVAPRLFGVKELSVVGIDRKGKPRDLGNYSCPLLLGKRRNVNYRTREGVFHEHYEAASVDTFSVKSNWLLKTKAEPSLYAPSFRLLVWEQPAEGCTKLRFTLTLVDGRSLVAEVPLR*
Ga0114309_100579Ga0114309_1005791F078842MMISSIYKTADNDGLIAHIYEHLLAQYVLKCLQDNEFFVLSDIILFAKTYGDTCFMDAELYSPEAKKTYDEALREFDKLVIPEDDILRAANECGIEMNRNIVEVDRSELSKKLREVQLSPWCKQIDMAYRKAHDESSVNTLFRTSYIKYSKESDDLFRECVLEYSIDESHIQTPVDQALAAIVMQIVALNFLTVVREKYTVYDRGDQWSEASISVGYRMFLGLLKKDDKIINQLGRDFLEYVKSLSSYVFCDNLQKALVRCSDNHKQVILNRSVLNAILGGCIIGGKGWLKMADSARIKQMINSIELDIYEVNS*
Ga0114309_100583Ga0114309_10058310F103433MKEWSKNKPGVVFFFVVWFILSISFIGNFFGTGLWNGWFDGFQKDSSAIVEKTAYCKNKYDYKGPLIAADSKDYNKIMMSQDCNPSQVKPYVSQYGLQARVIAGLSPNDASKIPAYIKRVSIFLAVLTAFLLALVVQKIRALFGGITASVFAVMLAFSPWIAGYARNIYWIEPMLIAPFVISFVGYQYFKKSKKLWLFYIIESVAMFLKLLNGYEYVSTIAISVLVPIIFFELVHKNVKIINLWKQAVPVFAATVVAFFGAYWVNFVSLTDYYGSSDKAANAINARASDRGISGIRSMRAYAVGNFKILRPESYNFINQLVNLDNMANNSGKTYKYIIINVVNYLLLSAITLPVHINGMFGEFVQSILFWTILGYLIILSSRKIIGKKYSRPFLWSMNFSVIGAFCWLALMPGHALPHAHINGIIFYIPLLLFVYVLIGLWADYVVKRTVKYE*
Ga0114309_100633Ga0114309_10063339F081510MKFNLNAVKATAKTTWVTTKILGKKYAPVILLGAGLIGYGYSVYEGIKSGKKLEATKAKYEEMEAAGEEFSRVDVVKDIAKDVAIPVAVATASTASIILGFAIQTNRLKAVSAALAMVTEEHARYRLRAKTVLDEETFKKIDAPLETKTVNVDGEDIEVESIVPNEGDFYGMWFKKSHKYASDSPEYNEGVIKEADNVLTEKMMRKGMLTFAEVLDILGFEVPKAALPFGWTDTDGFYIEWDAHEVWNDDKQEYEVQFYVRWKTPRNLYATTNFHDFVPKKTRKELN*
Ga0114309_100691Ga0114309_1006919F018385MMAEYENQWGPYKEHSIEKDRDPALDDPIIYGVNVKHFTVTVYSQDGRVNKYWNARILKDDLGYCRIACPRDGKILCFNWVHWTTYMFTHDGLNELVFMPGSSRKTISRLYHEEVK*
Ga0114309_101026Ga0114309_1010268F089055LKVEKMSSTPECVTKTPEIEAREKLAAIFSDAEQRDNSKVNPELGKTAFDVANIPNNEAVYLCNQTLGSYGKSLDRINKNPLEVVQTIGTSLQHLRDEYKTEESCR*
Ga0114309_101253Ga0114309_1012533F053092MQSDQGLILCLTHALLVLGALILEPAEMEDTMDDHTVQLFGILIAKELSIATHRIKADEHVPRDHIPLTLVEGDDIGIVVMIEKVLIGLQDALITTELVAELTDTTVIASSDLTDPVAKDTLSEARLLDVFVSIVSYKLRFFRHK*
Ga0114309_101275Ga0114309_1012754F084342LGGYLALLILRPFFAKAPKETLGQERGLGDAYDKDYQNEKALQWIHRCHILGICKKE*
Ga0114309_102438Ga0114309_1024381F036281KETDGVMLPTFIYRNKDLFVTEFKPTCDDQWIMYMTNAEGLITKMRIKNGDLMSNGSVLFLAEERKTYNAKEYYDYWAAREGKPAPFFYESRQYHVKSFMRVPGSTDLWITAEREKGHWYTFRMSDDQKSKFTRHTITNEKGHQSYDWVLKNVEWAADTIRYF*
Ga0114309_103442Ga0114309_1034424F055792VEIASEALDSTSAVAHRILLLTTQLGESLLASLGTEDGVIAEAMVTGALERDLAIDCTLEEVRPVFVDESDDGAEAGTTWRRYPLETLQKEGYILFEGRMLPCEACGVDSRSSVKSLDLEPRIIGKAIEAVALPDVACLDESISLQGIGGLRDLLVTPDVSETDHLQTSREEGTDLLQLMGIIARKYQLFHTFVS*
Ga0114309_103442Ga0114309_1034425F040149VADEGAEELRGEVLIEEQGIPVLFVEVVAWYDGRVSSSEILRSVGIALEREPRLAPVWSHNSEDAIDYFVYDISVPEGHTLTAVRERETVVAQLLNIHRYVYYP*
Ga0114309_104279Ga0114309_1042792F085820MLFLATTFFSCETVEPSPRPTWGEIVNPIEAFMYPRDLKVVAAREEGRRWLILVVPDSTKSSFAPTSKSTPAEVARYKELSQLVGNPTEPVVNECHFHRTWLTQGVKAIRVVRTQADGRDEDVTAQCGNLYFYTDKQIFDCQFKCGNRSIFAKPLGETVEADYLWLPGRDVFGLIAPPNPDHLKQRIVLRLADGTEIEKELSDKGKK*
Ga0114309_105392Ga0114309_1053924F103436MITTSKDGWCAQSDAEILNSLKDWVSRCDVKYVKSDALKKIDSAFALWGGGRYVEAVHLLEENKVFLEKSDWPYYALGIQILRARKHEFFNE*
Ga0114309_105775Ga0114309_1057751F045567MVTEDVVHTSTHRVEDALLPIDGDILTPRDGTHIVQTERVVVVLVSQEDSIDTIDTETCGLVVEVRATVDEDTLPTLGDDEGRGAQTTVTSIRAMAHRAATAYLGDTSAGARTEKNYLHVSRRESYHGKEIPSLSSERGCVVERVVR*
Ga0114309_108621Ga0114309_1086212F033081MHTDITVVYRPKKGVMAWLFRRAMPQDTRPTFVWSRLVTEIENAGYFSRRKFSILAVGLIIMTIATIKMLLFVPGLNQSVVSLLTRGLETFLPTRWATTTAWTVGVAGVFLMGNFTNYTPSQKFLHKIKATRYEVYNTILLLALLEEQAFRSGSERWNWRERVRASVCFGLLHITNIWYSFAAGIALSVTGFGFLLVYLWYYRKYRIQIIATAAAATVHALYNAIALSLIAVVLAIDIAKLL*
Ga0114309_112685Ga0114309_1126852F089055LKVEKMSSTPECVTNTPELDAARGELAAILSNAEQRDDNSKVSPELGKTAIDIENTNSTDNGAVDLCNQALGNYEKSLDRINNSPLKTVQAIGNSLQRLREYKTKEICE*
Ga0114309_121188Ga0114309_1211881F092230MRQAHKRMVNKMKAHLLKVFLPLFIVCIILVAFFRQIGCGSEGEYAFQISEWGAKLKNIYGTDFINKEIIVRDNAVRVDGIRCLYAVNQNEDGLSIYLLLPGGDYLTHNYVGSSFVRFSNGSEYINMAYGEGSVEVSDSTATGEVQNTEEKEAHDKVDEAINSMRHLFASAIMVNLRVVELYKILTVCMILIVIAMTIGYYSYLKPETVYGFYCKLRRKE
Ga0114309_123780Ga0114309_1237801F099453AGYLDTKTNIARTTPYGCIYISLEAFADTVEAHKFIDTDQIRNLALEIIIHELTHVDQLIDYKYIKFNNGYRNEIELQCVKQSCQWILDNIQYIRSFGLVVIPEVYQARLANLTNVVYTPKYPMAIAMGKLEYMLGRKFREFSNNNIEIEYVDRLKTHYSFMVCENRTYINSVNLNDLGERLLNDKQYTVEYLEYGNSKLVIKITQGA*
Ga0114309_124602Ga0114309_1246021F032313CDNDTPQEKPREQEKHEVPVPKPKPQFDEVGERIWYGQTPAMRLDSTDYGAGLIWVLEMRTSSIPKQRFDSLFKQTVWEIKDICAVETDLSLAKKIPKFVGGSITKEFTCRNGVILLHMQGIDINCVDTVNYVYNEDLNEIVLEGTGIRWYVLRLNKYAVEFLQQGHNIWGPFDWYYGRNSGRSEVTLEAK*
Ga0114309_128235Ga0114309_1282352F077405LLVAKQRGVFYGFIVLCQIKFVKIFFDWLKIIQK*
Ga0114309_130706Ga0114309_1307062F099452MDKTYTELLQETLSKIYELKDLNNRDRGKALTIFIGERLNRELILSSMNVFNLYKEIVNLDDVSLLAELRHTEWYKDWFTSDKRNSDLIDLSRFNFRVLERFEKEEYLRDAEHYDFEGVSEVDSYDLFNTLREDEDIELFKLAAENILINHGFFNNTDYNLYEIPDEYMSNQEVCLYMCLLNTDN
Ga0114309_134276Ga0114309_1342761F080166VNILANFDNYNKVVEQIFELNYQLTLKMEVTFNNIIKRINTEIKENFHTEYVVGVNKLTTNLRYRYRMRLSPRGETVGVIIDWDNYDDLCTIVDEAIDICDPNNKTSPFKRMYSTAGDLLDIKCDSLKVRYLHLDDRFGNRLDLMPFVLIDDHNGTLTEAMKFRFNNDLIFDVPVSRLKGFRRFLMTYNPLLHAGSMARYMAITPLLGNNRQNMMR*
Ga0114309_135133Ga0114309_1351332F046432MWEMTENELSEVISKYQMPEGRYSVAQEGSFGESEFFWVIKNQLTNQKYLLMNTYSHHGVEDEVEYYREEGFDNLEAIPRRIETLENASDADDEISKYLFGMYSIFEMKS*
Ga0114309_140273Ga0114309_1402731F103435VFCTEPIYQYYRSYLYADDKDKLDKQLMVEYGDYKDIWDLKQQQDALPENIFVAELTSRDYPRNPWNYISQLISKLTYQYLIDSPEFETIFSEVLFNQSEAEFYEFYKAIFRFYNGSEVFIIVSNDEYSDMVTQMMCNVIRRTYGIHPQIIYDMDDVYSIRDDIDFSPQGAQLAYLQRAAYYKLEAKKNFEPLQIWYPFDMNTYTNALE*
Ga0114309_142889Ga0114309_1428892F103436MVTSKDGFCDKSDAEILESLKAWVMKCDVKYVKSDALKKIDSAFALWANAQYVSALRLLDENEVFLKKSDWPYYALGIQILKVRKHEFLNE*
Ga0114309_145202Ga0114309_1452021F018385MMAEYVSQWESYKELSIENDRDPVLDDPIIYGVNVKHFTLTVYSPEGRVSKYWNARILQDQLGRCRIACPRDGKILCFAWFEWTSYMFSHDGLNELVFMPRTNSRLPSTLWNTKEVK*

 ⦗Top⦘



© Pavlopoulos Lab, Bioinformatics & Integrative Biology | B.S.R.C. "Alexander Fleming" | Privacy Notice
Make sure JavaScript is enabled in your browser settings to achieve functionality.